Building an Effective Marketing Plan - 6928 Words

A Building An effective MArketing plAn sent to all individuals in the organization who must implement the plan or who will be affected by it. If the plan is directed to an external audience, such as friends, banks, venture capitalists, or potential investors, for the purpose of raising capital, it has the additional function of being an important sales document. In this case, it contains elements such as the strategic plan/focus, organization, structure, and biographies of key personnel that would rarely appear in an internal marketing plan. Also, the financial information is far more detailed when the plan is used to raise outside capital. The elements of a marketing plan for each of these two audiences are compared in Figure A–1. The†¦show more content†¦Executive summary 2. Description of company 3. Strategic plan/focus 4. Situation analysis 5. Market-product focus 6. Marketing program strategy and tactics 7. RD and operations program 8. Financial projections 9. Orga nization structure 10. Implementation plan 11. Evaluation and control Appendix A: Biographies of key personnel Appendix B, etc.: Details on other topics Figure A–1 Elements in typical marketing and business plans targeted at different audiences is probably 60 or 70 percent of the entire business plan. For businesses like a small restaurant or an auto repair shop, their marketing and business plans are virtually identical. The elements of a business plan typically targeted at internal and external audiences appear in the two right-hand columns in Figure A–1. The Most-Asked Questions by Outside Audiences Lenders and prospective investors reading a business or marketing plan that is used to seek new capital are probably the toughest audiences to satisfy. Their most-asked questions include the following: 1. Is the business or marketing idea valid? 2. Is there something unique or distinctive about the product or service that separates it from substitutes and competitors? 3. Is there a clear market for the product or service? 4. Are theShow MoreRelatedImplement Marketing Strategies and Tactics1405 Words   |  6 PagesName- JUGJEET SINGH Id- std02144 Assessment 1. Implement marketing strategies and tactics Briefing stakeholders- Persons involved directly or indirectly with the organisation or project. BBQfun will be the leading outdoor-lifestyle retailer, catering to the growing need for furnishing new and renovated dwellings in the greater Brisbane area. Board of directors- BBQfun’s board of directors need to approve the plan, customers specific needs, prepare a report of high population in Greater BrisbaneRead MoreProduct Quality1288 Words   |  6 PagesAn essay on: â€Å"Marketing and ethics are like oil and water – they just don’t mix. There is no place for ethics in the cut-throat world of marketing†. Discuss The success of a product is always determined by how well it’s marketed. In that case marketing has an important role in every product that we produce. But when ethics is associated with marketing, it can’t go on one direction. It is like oil and water which does not mix together. What is marketing? Marketing is a societal process byRead MoreHow You Start Your Business?1019 Words   |  5 Pagescan be delivered and find out if it is needed. Supply and demand is key, if nobody wants the service nobody is going to buy the product. Once a good idea for a service has been found, the next step for any future businessmen is to conduct a business plan. This should focus on the future and will become the roadmap for business. This will require a lot of hard work. According to SBA an entrepreneur should start with the company description. This will highlight the nature of the business and the marketRead MoreNew Retail Shop in Plovdiv- Zara1497 Words   |  6 Pagesperiod of approximately three months. The project sponsor is the representative for Zara in Bulagria- Mr. George Andonov. The other stakeholders are Ivan Iordanov (responsible for the deadlines and for the workers on the project), Slavena Vassileva (Marketing Manager), Milena Kikyova (Director in charge of Retail Products), Dessi Dobcheva(Executive Architecture). Project Objectives The store has to be completed within three months. It has to be paced in the shopping area in the center of Plovdiv inRead MoreA Brief Note On Misleading And Deceptive Advertising1472 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"How to avoid making Marketing mistakes†. In the first few articles I wrote last year, I spent time laying out the process of developing a sound marketing plan. We all know it takes a significant amount of time and effort to put a plan together. A good marketing plan can help launch a new business or grow an existing one. It’s important to make sure you try to avoid the most common marketing mistakes as they will cost you plenty of time, money and aggravation! Your marketing plan should be a â€Å"livingRead MoreKudler Communications Plan1628 Words   |  7 PagesCommunications Plan Kudler Communications Plan Given the competitive nature of business, it is no longer enough to rely on one form of marketing communication. There are several options such as social networking sites, on health magazines, and other publications that target health-conscious diet, which fall under personal and non-personal communications depending on the message and mode. All these options and more are evaluated below to arrive at a feasible and the most effective marketing communicationRead MoreA Proposed Communication Strategy Throughout The Implementation Of The Marketing Activities Essay1638 Words   |  7 Pages6. A proposed communication strategy throughout the implementation of the marketing activities. Your communication strategy should ensure that all team members are kept informed of each other’sactivities. ï‚ § Draft an email, formal letter or other written response: since the involved stakeholders of this project are from both internal and external consultants and experts, emails, business letters and correspondences are the best and efficient way to convey and deliver the required business messagesRead Moremarketing plan1136 Words   |  5 Pagesguidance on how to develop a 5 to 7 paragraphs that will allow me to determine the marketing deliverables for this project adn provide resources. I m attaching the original scenario. Your help is greatly appreciated You are developing the scope statement for the project, and now you are up to the marketing deliverables. You have met with the director of Sales and Marketing and have a general sense of what marketing will be needed to effectively launch the upgraded product. There will be a seriesRead MoreMarketing Communications Plan For Burberry1712 Words   |  7 PagesMarketing Communications Plan Introduction Companies can only make revenues when customers purchase their products or services. To increase sales, it is pivotal for the companies to develop an effective and clear Marketing plan. In this context, each year the company’s sales and profits are increased due to its strengths such as high quality luxurious products, massive growth of outlets stores across UK and effective marketing campaigns. This paper will present a clear marketing plan for BurberryRead MoreIntegrated Marketing Communications Essay663 Words   |  3 PagesIntegrated Marketing Communications Integrated Marketing Communications is a concept that has been around for quite a long time. It is bringing together advertising and the marketing communications that are used. This concept has become a very important way for marketing departments to transmit a message to their target audience. The important factor is getting to know the customers, therefore the more knowledge of customer data shapes the marketing communications and advertising message

Microsoft Analysis - 1396 Words

ABSTRACT: This assignment tries to assess the current market status of Microsoft Corporation. As well this assignment will try to assess its current market position as per its business units, functionality, and also its different operations sectors as well its strategies for its rivals. Also this assignment will do financial comparative analysis study and benchmarking with nearest rivals like apple Inc., Google Corporation and Oracle Inc. and will applied to discover key factors for proposed area of developments and further improvements. Here the analysis tools like Porter 8-force analysis, PESTEL-analysis will be applied and the expected outcomes of analysis and benchmarking with nearest rivals will be incorporated in an analysis of†¦show more content†¦The growth is presented in percentage and the net income as well net revenue is presented in US $BILLION.RAVENUE CHARTINTERPRETATION: This column chart presents net revenue and net income in US$ BILLION and net growth in percentage. A lso the head count of company total employees.(SOURCE MICROSOFT ANNUAL REPORT JULY 2012) | It has total revenue of $ 73.72 billion and the operative income of $ 21.76 billion as well the net income is $16.97 billion and the company has total assets of $121.2 billion. Also it has more than 90000 employees. (Microsoft 2012) ROI OF MICROSOFT CORPORTION: ROI | PAYBACK PERIOD | TOTAL BENIFIT | TOTAL COSTS | NET PRESENT VALUE | 243% | 4.1 month | US$ 665086 | US$ 193686 | US$665086 | | INTERPRETATION:This table presents the ROI of the MICROSOFT CORPORATION in percentage and it’s payback period, total costs as well net present value in US$. | ABOUT RIVALS: Microsoft has main three rivals comparatively: 1. Apple Inc.: Apple Inc. (NASDAQ formerly Apple Computer, Inc.) is an American multinational corporation that designs and sells consumer electronics, computer software, and personal computers. Its head quarter is in 1 Infinite Loop, Cupertino, California, 95014 and Apples headquarters for Europe, the Middle East and Africa (EMEA) are located inShow MoreRelatedMicrosoft Analysis2459 Words   |  10 PagesBusiness Analysis Part I Daniel Wallace Management 521 May 28, 2012 Business Analysis Part I Microsoft is ranked 37 in the Fortune 500 list of companies (CNN, 2012). It is the world’s largest software company (Turits amp; Wesman, 2012), and is composed of five separate divisions: Windows, Business, Servers and Tools, Entertainment and Devices, and Online. Investors should look at how a company meets the needs of its stakeholders and perform a strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat (SWOT)Read MoreMicrosoft Corporation (Analysis)17842 Words   |  72 PagesMicrosoft Corporation (MSFT) - Financial and Strategic SWOT Analysis Review Reference Code: GDTC22599FSA One Microsoft Way Redmond, WA 98052-6399 United States Phone Fax Website Exchange www.microsoft.com MSFT [NASDAQ] +1 425 8828080 Revenue Net Profit Employees Industry Publication Date: FEB 2012 69,943 (million USD) 23,150 (million USD) 90,000 Technology Communications and Company Overview Microsoft Corporation (Microsoft) is one of the leading providers of software and storage products andRead More Analysis of Microsoft Essay3456 Words   |  14 PagesTable of Contents Executive Summary 2 Company Background 2 Company Research 3 Value Chain Analysis 3 Customer Profile 4 Competitors 4 External Analysis 5 Internal Analysis 7 Financials 8 Situation Analysis 8 Alternatives 9 Recommendation 11 Implementation 11 Contingency 12 Bibliography 14 Appendix 15 â€Æ' Executive Summary Microsoft has been a leader in the software industry for many years. As the technology industry has changed, so has the type of devices. This change has createdRead MoreFinancial Analysis Of Microsoft Corporation971 Words   |  4 PagesFinancial Analysis of Microsoft Corporation The student learner was to pick a publicly traded company and perform a financial analysis based on the company’s financial statements. The student learner chose Microsoft Corporation. The student learner will obtain, analyze, and determine Microsoft’s financial well-being. Microsoft has better return on assets, but they can improve in other areas. Microsoft can increase profit margin, asset management and based on Microsoft s assets, and capital theyRead MoreMicrosoft Case Analysis Essay621 Words   |  3 PagesProfessor Lisa Epstein September 28, 2009 Executive Summary The main problem that Microsoft is having in Europe is with the antitrust ruling. As stated in the case â€Å"The immediate issue before the court is whether to uphold the European Commission’s landmark 2004 antitrust decision against Microsoft or to side with Microsoft in its appeal.† (Pearce-Robinson, 8-1) The two main issues that the case is about is Microsoft tying their media player in with the operating system and not willing to releaseRead MoreMicrosoft Strategy Analysis Essay4644 Words   |  19 Pages1 Executive Summary After the successful acquisition of Yahoo!, Microsoft has increased its share on the internet search market and become market leader in web-service subscribers. However, it is still far behind Google in the searching advertising market. Although Google is by far the leading power in search advertising today, internet search technology is still in its infancy and there are much room for improvement. Microsoft shall invest on the R D research of search technology and theRead MoreMicrosoft Analysis : Microsoft Office Suite1225 Words   |  5 PagesMicrosoft Corporation is one of the most well-known technological companies in the world. This massive company offers many services and products available to different kinds of customers around the world. One of the most popular products Microsoft offers is Microsoft Office Suite. The main applications of Microsoft Office are Word, Excel, Access, Publisher, PowerPoint, Outlook, and OneNote. Microsoft Word allows users to compose and edit documents. Excel allows users to organize data in spreadsheetsRead MoreSwot Analysis : Microsoft Software1270 Words   |  6 Pages SWOT ASSIGNMENT Microsoft Microsoft is one the world s leading corporations in the field of software, services and solutions in information technology. The Microsoft software products include operating systems for intelligent devices, server applications for environmental information technology, information and productivity applications, business solution and software development tools. It is used by more than 90% of personal computers worldwide. Microsoft became a pioneer in the personalRead MoreMicrosoft Corporation Case Analysis7309 Words   |  30 PagesSynopsis Microsoft Corporation is a worldwide company that creates and supplies several different software packages, maintains a number of Internet sites, and develops computer hardware. Microsoft is the largest supplier of computer software in the world, known by software bundles including the infamous operating system Windows XP (Pro and Home editions), Microsoft Office (Word, PowerPoint, Excel, etc.) and Microsoft Visual Studio .NET (for programmers). The company has thrived on its ability toRead MoreStrategic Analysis of Microsoft Inc.2792 Words   |  12 PagesMicosoft was founded on 4th April 1975 by Bill Gates Paul Allen and is headquartered in Redmond, Washington (USA). The company provides employment to more than 89000 people. Microsoft recorded revenues of $62000 million in the financial Year 2010 (Microsoft, 2011). Microsoft became the global leader of software services and internet technologies for the computing industry in the early 90’s. It provides wide range of products services and is involved in developing manufacturing, licensing and

Personal Response on Sexuality Identity Essay - 1418 Words

Personal Response on Sexuality Identity University of Phoenix Personal Response on Sexuality Identity Our sexual identity starts at birth and evolves as we continue to age. Several factors can influence an individual’s sexual identity. Like several things in one’s life, sexual identity develops as we go through different stages of life. The things that could influence the development of our sexual identity are environmental factors, value systems, gender identity, relationships, and love. Sexual Decision Making The critical thinking process for making sexual decision is extremely important. The statement that knowledge is power could not be truer. I believe with this statement and the strong value system that†¦show more content†¦An individual’s gender identity (in some cases) is based upon one’s chromosomal sex (Nevid, Rathus Fichner-Rathus, 2005). Several factors can influence our gender identity. As a child (nurture) can help to shape, ones gender identity. One’s father and mother can see their child as male or female, meaning they see female as having feminine traits and a male as having masculine traits. For example, I was born female and this is the main factor in the evolution of my personal gender identity. My mother and father tried to dress me in clothes for a girl, while trying to teach me how to sit like a lady, and to show characteristics that are considered to fit my gender (female). Society defines a person’s gender by what they see; meaning the outward appearance of the individual is how they determine a person’s gender. Some people base their gender identity on social norms. I would not say that my gender identity has been easily influenced by society or culture. I may relate to the feminine role and that may be a reason why I consider myself a female. I am content in being female and it come naturally to me. Environmental and Historical Influences Growing up with a mother who reeked of femininity did not influence me to be more feminine. As a child, I liked wearing blue jeans and playing in mud puddlesShow MoreRelatedPersonal Response on Sexuality Identity1418 Words   |  6 PagesPersonal Response on Sexuality Identity Lillian M. Floyd PSY/265 Lauren Lappe February 16.2014 A person’s sexual identity may seem like something obvious, something that should be an essential characteristic of our lives. However as we have found, these things are not always so simple, often finding that our sexual identity, is ever changing most of our lives. I have given my own identity some thought and I find for me it wasn’t easy. In this essayRead MoreEssay on Personal Response on Sexuality Identity1766 Words   |  8 PagesFinal Project: Personal Response on Sexuality Identity Adriele Ajavon Psychology of Human Sexuality/ PSY 265 10/24/2010 Dean Marzofka Sex is a significant act of life. The deed is commonly initiated by arousal and results in conception or sheer satisfaction. A great deal of thought rarely goes into the execution of the actual performance, as sexual urges are instinctive. The true brainpower lies within the thought processes associated with sex. Love, commitment, and friendship are three aspectsRead MoreThe Effects Of Media On Gay Male Body Image1209 Words   |  5 Pageshuman sexuality: sources, satisfaction, and perceived knowledge among college students. Sex Education, 11(4), 471-487. The article states that college student receive limited education about sex. Rutledge, Siebert, Chonody, and Killian conducted a research at a major university to examine: how college students learned about sex, satisfaction with the way they learned about sex, and self-perceived levels of knowledge about sexuality before and after completing a course on human sexuality. As resultsRead MoreSexual education programmes within school based learning have long been cause for controversy,1600 Words   |  7 Pagesreference to which approach should be taken, what topics should be raised and at what age children should be begin to learn about sexual development and sexuality. Previously, sex education has focused on the biological development of humans however in recent years programs have shifted towards integration of sexuality and sexual health promotion in response to sexual development within children and the changing values of society. Sex education curriculum has often been the subje ct of debate as curriculumRead MoreSexual Orientation Identity And Its Influence On Student Development1376 Words   |  6 Pagesremain aware of how students and their identities are evolving. Higher education is constantly evolving, which is why it is extremely important to take sexual orientation identity and its influence on student development into account. In this paper, I will explore Fassinger’s (1998) sexual orientation identity model and provide an analysis of the theory. I will also share my findings from three interviews with students who are in different stages of sexual identity formation. Finally, I will addressRead MorePsy Final1689 Words   |  7 PagesFinal Project Personal Response on Sexuality Identity Review the instructions for the final project in Appendix A. Construct a 1,400- to 1,750-word personal response, analyzing the development of your own sexuality. Address the following topics in your paper: †¢ Relate value systems and critical thinking to your sexual decision making before and after this course. I think that before I had started this class I really didn’t think of the different types of sexual identities and honestly didn’tRead MoreMen Who Have Sex With Men Essay1476 Words   |  6 Pages MSM Men Who Have Sex With Men A Critical Concept Essay Tara L. Gill CIIS Sexuality is historically rooted vacillating through out time, adjusting to the individuals personal experience and is influenced by cultural norms. In the United States, sexual behavior and attitudes are driven by variations in gender, social class, ethnicity, and religion. In fact, sexuality is fluid and is different for everyone. It is a unique, diverse, complicated, secretive, and puzzling experienceRead MoreDiversity in Sexual Orientation1149 Words   |  5 Pages Sometimes I think -- How is sexual identity developed? What influences who we become sexually? Why is there such diversity in sexual orientation? To be quite frank, there are no correct or incorrect answers to these questions. The idea of sexual orientation and behavior is a very complex one. What was true in the past is certainly different than the norm today. When I researched the various psychological theories and methodologies of measuring one’s sexuality, naturally I came across the work ofRead MoreBiologi cal Differences Between Males And Females1176 Words   |  5 Pages(Auleb 1). One biological difference between males and females is in external genitalia: males have penises whereas females have vaginas. Sexuality refers to one s sexual orientation, sexual behaviors, and capacity for sexual feelings (YourDictionary.com). Someone who is not sexually attracted to anyone may identify themselves as asexual. And sexual identity is one s conception of themselves in terms of to whom they are sexually and romantically attracted, if they experience sexual or romanticRead MoreSex Minority And Sexual Minority Orientation1156 Words   |  5 Pages The Williams, Connolly, Pepler, and Craig (2005) study focuses on issues they feel are specific to sexual minority (lesbian, gay, and bisexual) adolescents and those that are questioning their sexuality. Williams et al. questions the way sexual orientation, victimization, psychosocial adjustment, and social support are intertwined in relation to se xual minority youth. They hypothesized that the absence of social support, from both family and friends, along with the experiences relating to being

American History And Its Impact On America - 1107 Words

American History American History and its people are extremely important to the health and progression of their nation. So may played a critical part in shaping this nation into what it is today. Even though many would love just to focus on the crisis and bad decisions that some have made. Our country is considered the land of the free, land of opportunity, land of dreams coming true. We can’t let bad choices by a few select cloud who we are and celebrate the great achievements we have made together as a nation. To do so would be to make a mockery out of the lives of those who worked so hard to shape this nation into one of the greatest nations on the earth. Most of these people acted from a place of strong faith and beliefs. They forged on against adversity and hostility because of this hope in God and in freedom. Thomas Jefferson was a man who helped establish this country on faith. He was the initial author of the Declaration of Independence and key to affirming freedom and rights for Americans. Jefferson introduced the statue of religious freedom. This is still having an impact on our society today and has helped solidify Christians’ faith across this country. Jefferson was president the years 1800-1808 and he oversaw the expansion of American territory in the west. Benjamin Franklin played a key role in encouraging the diverse colonies to gain together in the war of independence. He later served as an American ambassador to France and helped to cementShow MoreRelatedWorld War One s Impact On American Economics1589 Words   |  7 Pages1’s Impact on American Economics By Chris Danielson History 104, Fall 2015 University of North Dakota As a student studying business, I like to look at significant events in US history and the impact they had on business in America. In addition to business, I have always been interested in wars and America’s involvement in those wars. When we started discussing World War 1 in class, it peaked my interest. Not only did we discuss the war, but we also looked at the impact it had on American businessRead MoreThe Cultural Crossroads Of The Americas794 Words   |  4 Pagesrepresent modern day American and historic America inhabited by Native American Indians. Bob Haozous plays on these two scenarios in an art installation that portrays two sides of American history. The left is depicted through three hunter-gatherers with tools and performing cultural rituals. The right side is depicted through tall buildings and symbols that represent American culture. This paper will analyze the social histories, national histories, and religious histories present in Haozous’ â€Å"TheR ead MoreThe Battle Of The American Civil War905 Words   |  4 PagesThe American Civil war occurred about seventy-eight years after the American Revolution, and has many of the same characteristics of a revolution. In both wars, the American people fought for what they believed in and the way of life that they wished to live. However, the two wars differ from each other, as the soldiers that fought in the Civil War fought a new American Revolution that could have split the new world. The Confederate soldiers in the Civil War fought to keep their way of life withoutRead MoreBenjamin FranklinS Contributions To The American History1537 Words   |  7 Pages Benjamin Franklin s contributions to the American history Benjamin Franklin has a significant impact to the American Revolution and the building of a new nation. His brilliant inventions throughout his life made a significant impact on the United States and will be remembered for them in U.S history. Franklin had inventions like the Franklins stove, and the lightning rod, he also discovered electricity. His inventions and discoveries have changed lives from the first day it was introduced.Read MoreKorean War On North Korea1023 Words   |  5 Pagesespecially, America. Since America played a big role in Korean War because they are supporting South Korea from the invasion of USSR with North Korea. america is affected economically, agriculturally and some government policies are changed after the war. The changes America changed after the war still left a footprint on America today. The policies affects America’s relationship with South and North Korea. In order to understand the true significance of the Korean War played in American history, one mustRead MoreColonial Americas without the Indians1566 Words   |  7 Pagesone’s history textbook is accurate, but this is not always the case. The definition of history is the study of past events, â€Å"the branch of knowledge that records and analyzes past events†, according the Merriam-Webster Dictionary. One may â€Å"regard the native Americans-if we regard them at all-as exotic or pathetic footnotes to the main course of American history†, according to Axtell. (Axtell, James.981) One may believe this because of what textbooks say. When mentioning Indians, History textbooksRead MoreImpact of Religion on American History to 1877934 Words   |  4 PagesEvidence throughout American history confirms religion has significantly contributed to the evolution of our culture. Multiple events have contributed, including politics, people and weather. Politics and people are widely impacted by religion. Religion is the primary cause of most war s in countries across the world. Many historians believe America was formed on the basis of religion. In this research paper, I will illustrate the impact religion had on American History to 1877. SpecificallyRead MoreEssay on Did Religion Impact American History?561 Words   |  3 PagesEvidence throughout American history, confirms religion has significantly contributed to the evolution of our culture. Multiple events have contributed, including politics, people and weather. Politics and people are widely impacted by religion. Religion is the primary cause of most wars in countries across the world. Many historians believe America was formed on the basis of religion. In this research paper, I will illustrate the impact religion had on American History to 1877. SpecificallyRead More a peoples history Essay example844 Words   |  4 Pages A People’s History of the United States 1492 – Present by Howard Zinn takes a realistic viewpoint that is not seen in many textbooks, and that is exactly the point. Zinn writes about the dark sides of United States icons, which students are rarely taught about. Through historical examples, such as Christopher Columbus’ treatment of Native American Arawak Indians, Zinn supports his thesis. In Zinn’s book, he displays his displeasure with the way Americans are taught glorified history, as does anotherRead MoreThe Cover Of A History Of Islam975 Words   |  4 PagesThe cover of â€Å"A History of Islam in America† is very controversial if compared to what is written in the text. My perceptions so far from reading Kambiz GhaneaBassiri book is that he gives factual information on Muslim Black history. But on the cover of the book, the group of people that I see are white skinned immigrants. It confuses me that a historian that spent most of the book from chapter 1-6, discussing the enslavement of African Muslim to the New World and how they had to assimilate to a

What is Cryptography Free Essays

Technology has developed throughout the years, which has been shown by changes in different aspects of how people live their daily lives. One example could be the means of transportation which started from horses during early times to carriages, invention of automobiles, aircrafts, submarines and many more which we use at present. Through centuries, sending of messages has also evolved from messenger mail to electronic mail via the World Wide Web. We will write a custom essay sample on What is Cryptography? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Along with these are rising security threats to senders and receivers of those messages who fear that their mail would be opened by someone else. It is and has been the same problem ever since. How can these security threats and privacy invasions be avoided then? The main topic of this research is the importance of a science that helps everyone. It could be in terms of technology to the benefit of computer enthusiasts and industrialists, or simply for protection of the privacy of each citizen. The following pages would give the readers a brief introduction of the subject at hand, Cryptography. Along with its definition, history, forms and uses, readers would also be able to learn how important this science is and why each person should use it in their daily communication. According to the Merriam-Webster online dictionary, Cryptography is the enciphering and deciphering of messages in secret code or cipher, the computerized encoding and decoding of information. It is also known as secret writing. Derived from the Greek words kryptos, which means hidden and the grafo, meaning write, is the transformation of data into a secure message, so that unintended recepients would not be able to understand or use them. (Wikibooks, Inc. , 2007). Cryptography is used to hide information by means of encryption, therefore making data unreadable to those who don’t have the secret key that can decipher or decrypt the message into an understandable one. Encryption is done when information is transformed into something which others might see as useless. This is called ciphertext. The act of transforming the said information into an understandable format with the use of a cipher or secret key is called decryption. (Wikibooks, 2007) The use of cryptography is seen today through its many uses. These include the security of ATM cards, electronic commerce and computer passwords. These are used for access control and confidentiality of secure information. (Cryptography, 2007) Such techniques like microdots and combining words with images are used by cryptographers to hide information from unintended recepients. (Pawliw, 2006) The earliest known use of cryptography is Classical Cryptography. It shows that it has been thousands of years since cryptography was first done. History has stated that the first proof of the use of cryptography dates back to 2000 BC. It has been related with the Egyptians’ practice of hieroglyphics which consisted of complicated pictograms seen carved into monuments of Ancient Egypt. These pictograms were hard to interpret and only a chosen few knew what their real meanings were. Some time within 500 and 600 BC, Hebrew scholars made use of simple substitution ciphers like the Atbash Cipher in order to solve these encrypted messages. According to Wikibooks, the first known use of a modern cipher was by Julius Caesar (100 BC to 44 BC): â€Å"†¦who did not trust his messengers when communicating with his governors and officers. For this reason, he created a system in which each character in his messages was replaced by a character three positions ahead of it in the Roman alphabet. † (Wikibooks, 2007) By the time of World War II, there has become a great use of mechanical and electromechanical cryptographic cipher machines, but the usage of these was very impractical. During this time, there were various developments in both mathematical and practical cryptography. When the period of modern cryptography began, Claude Shannon, father of mathematical cryptography, published the paper Communication Theory of Secrecy Systems in the Bell System Technical Journal in 1949. Shortly after that, along with Warren Weaver, he published the book Mathematical Theory of Communication as well. Because of those publications, a solid theoretical basis for cryptography and for cryptanalysis was established, which made cryptography known only by secret government communications organizations such as the NSA. It was only in 1969 that the public again saw developments in the field of cryptography: â€Å"First was the DES (Data Encryption Standard) submitted by IBM†¦ in an effort to develop secure electronic communication facilities for businesses such as banks and other large financial organizations†¦ it was adopted and published as a FIPS Publication (Federal Information Processing Standard) in 1977†¦has been made effectively obsolete by the adoption in 2001 of the Advanced Encryption Standard†¦DES was the first publicly accessible cypher algorithm to be ‘blessed’ by a national crypto agency such as NSA. The release of its design details by NBS stimulated an explosion of public and academic interest in cryptography. † (Wikibooks, 2006) Here are the important terms related to Cryptography in detail; Encryption is the act of hiding information using cryptography. Processed information in this manner is said to be encrypted. Decryption is the process of translating encrypted information. The Key is like a password used to encrypt and decrypt information. A transmission channel used to transmit information in secrecy is called a Secure Line, while a Public Line is the opposite. An example of which are public pay phones and the Internet. (Wooledge , 2000) There are several types of Cryptography being used today. In order to further explain the types of Cryptography, Wooledge compared the Key to a key to a door. First among these is the Symmetric Cipher, which can sometimes be called a symmetric key. Most of the time, it is used for simple types of cryptography because a same key is used to encrypt and decrypt the secret message. â€Å"Everybody who should have access to the room is given a copy of the key†¦put new information in, take old information out†¦if you send somebody a copy of the key by way of the Post Office, somebody working at the Post Office could intercept this key†¦allow them to access this same locked room, and do the same things with it†¦letting them read everything you locked up with that key, even letting them modify it. â€Å"(Wooledge , 2000) The Public Key Cryptography is more complex because in this type of cryptography there are two keys used and together, they are called a key pair. The key used to encrypt is called the public key, which can be given to anyone in order to send information to the owner of the private key, which will be used to decrypt information sent to him. The most common example of this is the use of electronic mail over the internet, also known as email. The public key is an email address which one gives out to his friends. This allows them to send information to the holder of the secret key, the owner of the email address, the only one who has the password to open and translate the information sent to him or her. (Wooledge , 2000) A One Time Pad is used to send high security messages such as national secrets and is considered the only perfect encryption in the world. In this type of encryption, both the sender and receiver has a copy of the pad to be used as a symmetric key to hide and unhide a message sent over a secure line and destroys them after it has been used. A good example of this is the one seen in Mission Impossible movies, wherein Ethan Hunt receives messages that self-destruct. (Wooledge , 2000) For the sake of totality, it would be best to include Steganography, the science of hiding information from people who would spy on a person. This type of encryption is designed not to let spies know that there is indeed a something hidden in a certain message. It is very effective, but only used occasionally. (Wooledge , 2000) Along with the internet, there is a large growth in the variety of forms of electronic communications, making its security very important. There are a number of enumerated uses for Cryptography such as protection of e-mail messages, credit card information, corporate and other important information. (Jupiter Media Corporation, 2004) After a brief background on Cryptography, readers would come to know why it is important to use them in their daily activities. The following are common concerns, goals or objectives that answer the above stated question. Message Confidentiality; Encrypted messages would only be understood by intended recepients of a certain message. If a sender would want to hide certain information from the public or from someone in particular, it would be best that cryptography is used. In that manner, only the receiver would have the key to translate the message into a useful and understandable one. Message Integrity; If an encrypted message is intercepted and changed during the sending process, it would easily be known by the receiver, which secures its integrity. Sender Authentication; It would be possible to make sure of the identities of both sender and recepient of the message. With cryptography, the recipient would be able to verify the true identity of the sender, along with the origin and destination of the message. Sender Non-Repudiation; This would prevent a sender from denying an intention to send and that he or she is the true sender of the said message. (Wikibooks, 2007) Though these cryptographic procedures are effective enough to achieve the goals, and concerns mentioned, it is still important for receivers and specially senders to practice caution such as creating a password with a very strong integrity, logging off private systems when they are not being used by the owner and keeping all private information to oneself. (Pawliw, 2006) Works Cited Cryptography. (2006). In Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary [Web]. Merriam-Webster, Incorporated. Retrieved January 24, 2007, from http://www. m-w. com/cgi-bin/dictionary? book=Dictionaryva=cryptography Cryptography. (2007). In Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia [Web]. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.. Retrieved January 24, 2007, from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Cryptography Pawliw, B (2006, January 13). Cryptography. Retrieved January 24, 2007, from Search Security. com Web site: http://searchsecurity. techtarget. com/sDefinition/0,,sid14_gci214431,00. html Wikibooks, (2006, November 1). Cryptography/History of Cryptography. Retrieved January 24, 2007, from Wikibooks, the Open-Content Textbooks collection Web site: http://en. wikibooks. org/wiki/Cryptography/History_of_Cryptography Wikibooks, (2007, January 10). Cryptography/Introduction. Retrieved January 24, 2007, from Wikibooks, the Open-Content Textbooks Collection Web site: http://en. wikibooks. org/wiki/Cryptography/Introduction Wooledge , G (2000, October 11). What types of cryptography are there?. Retrieved January 24, 2007, from wooledge. org Web site: http://wooledge. org/~greg/crypto/node5. html How to cite What is Cryptography?, Papers

Current Trends and Challenges Facing it Security

Question: Describe about The Essay for current trends and challenges facing IT sercuity. Answer: Introduction Information technology security is an important aspect any business or organization who are using information technology as their primary business resources. We all know that the internet and its related component are developing, and many more organizations are opening there IS (Information System) to their suppliers and partners. Therefore it has become essential to know which of the organization resources needs security to control system access and the customer or user rights of the IS (Information System). The primary goal or objective of information security is to protect the information system or information against unwanted or unauthorized access or modification of data or information. The information security is critical to measures such threats and protects the information and information system for adverse risks and situations. But this is also true that even if we have the right information system for the business or company. There is always some drawbacks or challenges tha t are faced within that information system. The technology is growing at a rapid speed and so as the challenges that are increasing in the domain of IT security. The document presented here is a detail discussion of the latest trends in the information technology security and the challenges that the companies are facing as far as the information technology security is a concern. The overall idea of presenting this essay is to discuss the current problems and trends in information technology security in various companies or business. Overview of IT Security According to Von Solms and Van Niekerk (2013), the term security is fundamental a concept developed by the humans which have become more and harder to explain and enforce in the age of information. The IT security is known as Information Technology security which refers to a process or technique of implementing measures and the system design to vigorously safeguard and protect the information such as personal or business data, conversation voice data, images, multimedia presentations or pictures and many such (Ifinedo 2012). Moreover it protects information or data uses in different forms of technology developed to build, store and utilize, and then exchange such data or information against and unwanted or unauthorized access, malfunction, misuse, destruction, modification and improper disclosure, therefore stabilizing the confidentiality, value, availability, integrity and intended use and its capability to do their permitted vital functions. IT (Information Technology) security refers to controlling access to the relevant digital information, so only those who authenticate need to access are allowed to do so (Kim et al. 2013). The task might seem so simple, but it has become very challenging and complex as the year is progressing due to rapid changes happening in information technology field. Information technology security is sometimes the challenge of balancing the demands of the customers versus the need for information integrity and confidentiality. Let us consider one example, providing the permission for the company employees to access a network from anywhere in this world such as from other country or state of from home or a project site, may increase the value of the system and the employee efficiency (Jajodia 2015). But bad luck is that the remote access to a system gives some changes to vulnerabilities and can lead to vital information security issues or challenges for the system administrator. Goals of Information Technology Security According to Peltier (2016), there are some objectives of information technology security which are Integrity, Confidentiality, and availability of information or data. Information technology security refers to protect the system or network from dangerous malicious system attacks, network harassment, and service interruptions. The Information technology security works to locate contain and where ever and when possible it tries to prevent the spread bad network traffic that will affect the organization system (Layton 2016). The objective of the IT security is to build protection against the reveals or enemies who would like or do damage to the system or organization IT. The main of e objectives are explained in detail below. Integrity It is to make sure that the data or information is correct, reliable, and accurate and cannot be changed in a way which is not expected. Confidentially It is safeguarding access to the critical data from those who do not have the right authority to use it (Vacca 2012). Availability This refers to the data availability to make sure that is available at any point of time to those who required using it. Importance of Information Technology Security According to Siponen et al. (2014), it is the collection of technologies, management practices, policies and standards that are integrated with information to keep it protected. It has four critical functions for a company which enables the protective operation of the system application integrated with the company IT (Information Technology) systems, safeguard the information of the business which is collected and utilized, protect the technology assets in use at the business and finally it preserve the business ability to function The Information Technology (IT) security enables the organizational management to protect the system application operations that is integrated in the system of IT Company. It is very essential to protect and safeguard the useful data and information. Apart from this, the company will also start to apply the appropriate software applications which will secure the organizational information like high end antivirus or any other protective applications (Willco cks 2013). Therefore the IT security is very critical in any IT system to safeguard the applications that are implemented in the system and to protect the information or data stored in According to AlHogail (2015), the IT security will protect the data that is collected and used by any company or organization. For an example, if any company or individual leaves their confidential information unprotected then it is sure that the information can be accessed by anyone in the organization and if the information is in the wrong hands that it can create challenges in many ways. The IT security programs will make sure that the assign data or information is protected both legal and business needs by taking steps to safeguard the company information or data (Li et al. 2015). Apart from this the steps that have been adopted to protect the information is a matter of maintaining security and will help the company or an individual from their identity theft. As discussed by Dhillon et al. (2016), the information is a vital asset for any business or organization and therefore it needs right kind of protection. The security requirement is critical due to the increase of interconnectivity within the organization and due to this; there is a high risk of data leakage which will then lead a wide range of vulnerabilities and threats. The protection of organization functionality for both IT and general management are responsible for the IT security implementation that the safeguards the company ability to function (Obrien et al. 2013). It is crucial because it holds their customers information which is super confidential and without them their business cannot operate. For an instance, Considering Information technology security in hospital which is critical because the information privacy and safety in the healthcare section are vital, and the implementation of electronic or digital patient records, increase in regulation, provider consolidation and the enhancing required for information between providers, payers and patient, all the points needed for a better IT security (Cao et al. 2014). The healthcare organization has to keep some Information technology security protocol. Current Trends in IT (Information Technology) Security The researcher itself has reflected and highlighted the latest trends in information technology sector which will enhance and dominate 2015. Some of the major trends are mentioned below by the researcher. Unintended state Intervention Consequences The commitment of official responsibility in cyberspace will establish the collateral damage threat and have seen the much outsourcing implication in which much organizational management has to rely upon this (Feng-hua 2016). Many analysts have also earned that any wrong implications will soon suffer the severe collateral damage. Iterant utilization of Big Data concept Much organizational management is making constant changes in embedding the concept of big data and decision making process. It is very necessary to recognize the human element regarding data analytics. Many multinational organizations fail to respect the human element that will automatically put the organizations at high risk. Internet Of Things (IOT) and Mobile Applications The concept of smart phones and various mobiles devices will increase the demand for applications of mobile and corporate sector in the forth coming year (Feng-hua 2016). To meet this requirement, many organizations are reducing the margins of profit and speed of delivery with low cost adaptability. Storm of Cyber Security The place of cyberspace is becoming an increasing attraction for hunting human belongings regarding inheriting additional money in the form of deposit (Feng-hua 2016). The future inheritance has implemented and adopted varieties of intellectual concepts by which any cyber stalks and threats cannot be terminated in any organizational management. ABYSS for Information Security The University of Dublin has made certain implications regarding the information security appliance which includes the application of Abyss in various corporate management (Whitmore et al. 2015). The concept of Abyss implies the top graded security management in an organizational management; which tends to protect the entire client and the vital customer data and the information. Invention of DevSecOps Many experts have expected that the concept of DevSecOps will be delivering more secure applications system in research and development segments. These types of technologies will help to fix and manipulate severe vulnerabilities in organizational management (Davis and Daniels 2016). Additionally, the researcher has maintained and manipulated several intellectual concepts which are very vital for any corporate management provided above. Wearable Equipments Technology Risks Wearable Equipments Technological risks: In this present era of technology, the advanced technology is taking new step ahead (Thierer 2015). These wearable equipment technologies gadgets are instantly growing and developing day by day in an overall market segmentation. Current Challenges of IT (Information Technology) Security There are various prevailing issues in information technology security; due to the regular up gradation changes and which are making things very difficult in terms of protection of resources. Few major challenges are described below: Integrating the Personal and Corporate life Many employees take advantage of free internet for their daily usage. For instance, the company workers use their respective company email id for their personal communication, and some of the employees are given mobile phones which they use for limited personal usage. Other employees might not have the home personal computer; they will use the company accessories for their personal works (Line et al. 2016). Apart from that, some of the employees bring their own laptop in their business to perform an official task. This increase the risk of IT security as the data or other applications can be access by an unauthorized person from the external company. Uncertain Implementation of Policies Many companies may not have implemented their organization policies in the past, or they have done so improperly depending on the situation of the enterprise employee. Now, this causes several problems when security features try to track down of violators (Niu et al. 2016). Some of the companies have already understood the importance of information technology security regulations and policies. Lack of IT security awareness The lack of understanding in information technology security makes the company employees not to secure their system correctly (Safa et al. 2016). The lack of IT security knowledge makes the system easily gets attack and as well the information or data. Difficult to manage Information Technology Security Some of the companies do not hire employees based on their education. The reason is that there are companies hiring employees as an IT security manager, but they lack proper education which matches the required skills (Bedrossian et al. 2016). So it becomes difficult for the staff to protect the organization's system and data with adequate safeguard. Third Party Suppliers The concept of third suppliers implies that the company has to address seriously to think about the implementation process in the common corporate workplace; to eliminate various situations where the provider by mistake provides the access to a business data, negotiation or plans, intellectual property that can lead to an accidental breach in security. Legacy Technology Many companies still support the legacy systems and as the connectivity keep increasing and these leads to the vulnerable systems which will expose to the attackers. Visibility The lack of clarity makes things difficult to control information leaving it vulnerable to breach. Advantages and Disadvantages of Information Security The information security has different advantages and disadvantages which is important to be addressed any company or individual to understand what benefits are their they can get from information security and what are the disadvantages they need to carefully consider in their information technology security. Advantages of Information Technology Security There are some major benefits of information technology security which are mentioned below by the researcher: Ease of implementation: It is easy to implement for protection; the user can simply use password to protect the documents. For more vital protection of information, the user can install firewalls, biometric or detection systems. Increase in technology: The day to day increase in technology; will also increase the threats and vulnerabilities related to the information technology (Safa and Von Solms 2016). The information technology security is very worthy by nature. Vulnerability Protection: It protects from vulnerability attacks on the network. Protection of private information: It protects the confidential information from the hands of unauthorized persons or individuals. Sensitivity: It keeps sensitive government information out of the reach of enemies and terrorist hands. It also protects some unwanted and threat files to enter into computers which might affect the system information. Disadvantages of Information Technology Security The latest changes going on in the information technology makes the users to themselves always up to date, and they need to purchase the most current information security. Therefore due to the changes happening in the information technology nothing is sure to be entirely secure. If an individual users skips one single section which should be safeguarded the entire information system could be compromised. IT security might be very complicated, and the user might not understand what has gone wrong with the system or what they are dealing with (Mithas and Rust 2016). It can decrease the productivity if the people consistently have to enter a password on each and every level. Recommendation for Security in Information Technology Using Secure Connection: When the system is connected to the internet, it becomes vital that the data needs to be protecting as it can become vulnerable while the data or information is transit. Make sure that you use secure FTP and remote connectivity. Secure password It is important the users should select strong passwords and create a different secure password for each account and make sure the password is changed regularly. Stay up to date The users or organizations needs to be updated with the internet security program. They need to use a firewall as well the system security such a paid version of antispyware and antivirus that will scan the user's system security and remove it from the system. Make sure that the user operating system and the softwares are all up to date. The best part is to change the system password on every 90 days of better IT security. Avoiding Scams and Spam It is vital that the users should always prevent the spam and scams emails that they receive from unknown individuals or companies. The users have to make sure they do not encourage such emails in their system and ensure that they do not open such emails as they contain some serious threats which might affect the system. Security of laptop accessories: Tracing personal computers and laptop with the technology of advance technology software applications will also be very helpful and useful in case of stolen or lot cases. On the other hand, some software provides the remote access for transferring the information or data to much secure center to protect the vital information. Make secure online purchase Before providing any critical information on shopping sites just make sure that the URL link is HTTPS, which indicates that the page is completely safe and you can trust the page and can provide your critical information such as debit or credit card details. Encrypting Information or Data The Stored information or files need to be encrypted because it is essential to protecting vital data and to help safeguard information or data loss due the equipment theft or loss. Maintaining security patches Many antivirus software needs a daily update and makes sure that the hardware and software stay up to date with the latest security patches. Therefore if you turn off automatic antivirus update, then the users has to be set up regular scanning of the system. Conclusion The document presented above discusses about the information technology security and various aspects of IT security such as the latest trends in information technology security and the current challenges. The above discussion stated that the IT safety is a critical aspect of any business or individual. The primary goal or objective of information security is to protect the information system or information against unwanted or unauthorized access or modification of data or information. The overall idea of presenting this essay is to discuss the current problems and trends in information technology security in various companies or business. The essay describes the importance of information technology security and their objectives, and it also discusses about how the current trends are in IT security. Various challenges related to information technology security are also described in this document. 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