Bromobenzene Essay

Introduction The chemical reaction of nitration consists of a nitro collection being added to or substituted in a seawallecule. Nitration great deal basically be carried out by a mixture of concentrated nitric bitter and sulphuric vitriolic this mixture is profitable to obtain the active nitronium ion. Electrophilic smelling(p) switch is a method used when a functional group is infallible to be substituted on to an aromatic compound. In the nitration, nitronium ion acts as the electrophile that involves the attack of the electron-rich benzene skirt.Aromatic heterotaxy is electrophilic, due to the high density in benzene ring. Benzene ring is star of the components in almost grievous vivid results and other useful carrefours. The species reacting with the aromatic ring is usually a positive ion or the end of a dipole. Nitration is one of the most important examples of electrophilic substitution. The electrophile in nitration is the nitronium ion which is generate d from nitric mordant by protonation and loss of water, using sulfuric acid as the dehydrating agents. Data burthence (grams)Beaker39.1 gramsBeaker + Crystals41.9 grams exercising charge of Crystals (Prior to Addition of Ethanol)2.8 grams bet 1 This table illustrates the weight of the crystals that were configurationed beforehand the grain alcohol was added. 2.8 grams x 5= 14 mL This is the marrow of ethanol that is needed to just dissolve the bromonitrobenzenes at 78.2oC.Weight (grams)Wet render of Crystals1.40 gramsdry Sample of Crystals0.95 gramsDifference Between Wet and Dry Samples0.45 gramsFigure 2 This table illustrates the weight of the crystals that were formed as the closing product. The unfaltering sample and dry sample both entertain a different value.Figure 3 This is the structure of bromobenzene this was the liquid that was wedded for this lab experiment.Figure 4 machine for the formation of 4-bromonitrobenzene.Observations When the bromobenzene was added , the solution turned yellow. The final product was also yellow crystals.Calculationsa. Bromobenzene0.0142 mol bromobenzeneb. Nitric Acid0.090 mol nitric acidTHEREFORE, IT CAN BE give tongue to THAT BROMOBENZENE IS THE LIMITING REAGENTc. Actual Yield and part Yield33%THE PERCENT military issue IS 33%.Conclusion It can be said that the objective of this experiment was to compound the p-bromonitrobenzene out of bromobenzene by nitration. Thisexperiment analyze the electrophilic aromatic nitration of a monosubstituted aromatic cring under(a) a standard set of conditions. Electrophilic aromatic substitution is the addition of a nitro ( NO2+) group to an aromatic ring. When the aromatic ring is monosubstituted (meaning it already has one substituent on it), the nitro group can be added to either the ortho, meta, or space-reflection symmetry position. Figure 1 illustrates the weight of the crystals prior(prenominal) to the addition of ethanol. The weight of the crystals before the ethanol was added was 2.8 grams. These were the crystals that were formed when the nitric acid and sulfuric acid mixture was slowly added to the bromobenzene. The weights of the crystals were fixed before the addition of ethanol this was important to do in order to specify the amount (mL) of ethanol to add. The weight of the crystals was 2.8 grams and was reckon by 5 to get 14mL this was the amount of ethanol that was added. The ethanol was added to the crystals to dissolve the bromonitrobenzenes at 78.2oC. Figure 2 illustrates the weight of the derisory crystals and the dry crystals. The weight of the wet crystals was 1.40 grams and the weight of the dry crystals was 0.95 grams.The difference between these both weights was 0.45 grams. The number for the dry crystal was then later used to determine the demonstrable yield and the percent yield of the laboratory experiment.. The moles of bromobenzene were calculated to be 0.0142 moles. The moles of nitric acid were calculated to be 0.090 moles. Therefore, since the moles of bromobenzene were lower than the moles of nitric acid, it can be said that bromobenzene is the constricting reagent. After the limiting reagent is found, it is used to pass off the theoretical reagent.Questions1. What products did you expect this reaction to form? Explain the effect that the group(s) present in the starting material feature on reactivity and orientation in this reaction and why.There were two possible products that could have been formed in this experiment. The first product that could have formed was 1-bromo-2-nitrobenzene and the second product that could have formed was 1-bromo-4-nitrobenzene. These were the two products that could have been formed because bromine is in an ortho and parity bit directing group.